Inspection Table

 What is Inspection Table?

It's a table where the Inspection Execution environment is configured for Inspection.

Before we (Inspector) start the Inspection, it is highly important to ensure that the Inspection Table (Inspection Tools, Marker, Configuration setup, Test Data, Reference Documents and Peoples related to the job, and anything else that can contribute for Inspection) is set up appropriately. It helps us to keep the focus on Inspection (rather than dealing with the issues which slow down the Inspection activities).

Below is the Mind Map created about Inspection Table.

Mind Map

Note: Additional information can be added in the above mind map. Feel free to comment below with your inputs.👍

Keep learning, please keep sharing, and stay safe.👌

Tolerance and fits

Tolerance and fits

 Limits and fits table

tolerance and fits

Limits & Fits

In the mechanical engineering, a fit is clearance between two mating parts. The choice of the fit in case of a clearance fit, defines whether two parts can move relative to each other, or act as a single part, in case of a tight interference fit.
Limits and fits applies to all mating parts, main use is to regulate the sizes of mating shafts and holes to achieve best performance.
ISO and ANSI both have standardised fits that is in three classes – Clearance, Transition & Interference. Each class have variety of options available for choosing the correct one for a specific application.

Hole and Shaft Basis System

There are two type of fit system – hole and shaft system. The system defines which part have a controlled measurement and other part is made based on it.

Hole-basis system - constant measurement for the hole and diameter of shaft is made accordingly to achieve the required fit.

Shaft-based system - vice-versa.

In engineers mostly follow the hole system because of its simplicity. Here hole size remains constant, and shaft upper and lower deviation values defines type of fit. Limits & Fits

Tolerance of parts are defined to ensure a proper working of a machine. Fits can be chosen according to the working condition. There are three main categories:

Clearance fit

Transition fit

Interference fit

 A clearance fit always leaves space between two parts. A transition fit is in between clearance fits and interference fits. An interference fit is tight or press fit for easing the required process.

Clearance Fits

With this fit, shaft is always smaller than hole size. This enables easy of assembly and keeps space for sliding and rotational parts.

Transition Fits

In the transition fit the shaft may be a little bigger than hole to require some force to create the fit.

Interference Fits

Interference fits are press fits or friction fits. These types of fits always have larger shaft compared to the hole size.

Limits & Fits

इंजीनियरिंग में, एक फिट दो mating भागों के बीच clearance को संदर्भित करता है। एक इंजीनियरिंग फिट की पसंद यह निर्धारित करती है कि क्लीयरेंस फिट होने की स्थिति में दोनों हिस्से एक-दूसरे के सापेक्ष आगे बढ़ सकते हैं या एक तंग हस्तक्षेप के मामले में एक पूरे के रूप में कार्य कर सकते हैं।
जबकि सीमा और फिट सभी प्रकार के MATING भागों पर लागू होते हैं, उनका मुख्य उपयोग MATING के आकार और छेद को सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रदर्शन के लिए विनियमित करने के लिए है।
आईएसओ और एएनएसआई दोनों ने तीन वर्गों में मानकीकृत फिट किए हैं - निकासी, संक्रमण और हस्तक्षेप। प्रत्येक वर्ग के पास एक विशिष्ट आवेदन के लिए सही चुनने के लिए विभिन्न प्रकार के विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं।

Hole and Shaft Basis System
फिट के लिए एक सिस्टम चुनते समय, आपके पास 2 विकल्प होते हैं - छेद और शाफ्ट सिस्टम। सिस्टम बताता है कि किस हिस्से में नियंत्रित माप है और कौन सा हिस्सा दूसरे के आधार पर बनाया गया है।
संक्षेप में, छेद-आधार प्रणाली छेद के लिए एक निरंतर माप का उपयोग करती है और शाफ्ट के व्यास को आवश्यक फिट प्राप्त करने के लिए तदनुसार बनाया जाता है।
और शाफ्ट-आधारित प्रणाली इसके विपरीत काम करती है।
इंजीनियर सादगी के कारण छेद प्रणाली का पालन करते हैं। जैसा कि छेद का आकार स्थिर रहता है, शाफ्ट के ऊपरी और निचले विचलन मूल्य फिट के प्रकार को निर्धारित करते हैं। ड्रिलिंग अधिक सटीकता की अनुमति नहीं देती है, क्योंकि टूलींग कुछ मापों में आती है।
सीमा और फिट
सीमा और फिट बैठता है टेबल
इंजीनियरिंग में, हमें एक मशीन के लंबे जीवनकाल और उचित कार्य को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए भागों की सहनशीलता को परिभाषित करना होगा। हम आवश्यकताओं और काम की परिस्थितियों के अनुसार फिट का चयन कर सकते हैं। तीन मुख्य श्रेणियां हैं:
क्लीयरेंस फिट
संक्रमण फिट
हस्तक्षेप फिट
ये सभी श्रेणियों के एक अन्य सबसेट के साथ आते हैं, प्रत्येक को विभिन्न परिस्थितियों के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है। बेशक, हमें यह ध्यान रखना होगा कि निकटता और अधिक स्नॉग फिट होने के कारण मशीनिंग सटीकता पर उच्च मांगों और असेंबली की कठिनाई के कारण उच्च लागत होगी।
एक निकासी फिट हमेशा दो हिस्सों के बीच में जगह छोड़ती है। एक संक्रमण फिट कहीं निकासी फिट और हस्तक्षेप फिट के बीच है और किसी भी तरह से समाप्त हो सकता है लेकिन बहुत तंग होने के लिए बहुत जगह छोड़ने के बिना। एक हस्तक्षेप फिट तंग है और फिट बनाने के लिए प्रक्रिया को आसान बनाने के लिए काफी बल और अन्य तकनीकों की आवश्यकता होती है।
निकासी फिट बैठता है
एक निकासी फिट के साथ, शाफ्ट हमेशा छेद से छोटा होता है। यह स्लाइडिंग और घूर्णी आंदोलन के लिए आसान विधानसभा और पत्तियों के कमरे को सक्षम करता है।
संक्रमण फिट बैठता है
एक संक्रमण फिट दो संभावनाओं को शामिल करता है। शाफ्ट छेद से थोड़ा बड़ा हो सकता है, जिससे फिट बनाने के लिए कुछ बल की आवश्यकता होती है। स्पेक्ट्रम के दूसरे छोर पर आंदोलन के लिए थोड़ी सी जगह के साथ एक निकासी फिट है।
हस्तक्षेप फिट बैठता है
हस्तक्षेप फिट को प्रेस फिट या घर्षण फिट के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। इस प्रकार के फिट में हमेशा छेद आकार की तुलना में एक बड़ा शाफ्ट होने का एक ही सिद्धांत होता है।

WELDER ID - 301054

 WELDER ID - 301054

 use of Environ("USERPROFILE") in excel vba

How to make a path as dynamic by using ENVIRON

IF path= E:\Redirect\un.singh\Desktop then I can make it dynamic BY use of vba by replacing "E:\Redirect\un.singh" with Environ("USERPROFILE") & \Desktop 

one simple example is as under-

Sub hyper_link()

Dim FileName, mystore As String

Dim PathName As String, i As Long

'AUTO SELECT USER DESKTOP NAME

PathName = Environ("USERPROFILE") & "\Desktop\ALL DRGS\"

FileName = Dir(PathName & "*.pdf")

    Do While FileName <> vbNullString

        mystore = Mid(FileName, 5, 8)

        On Error GoTo last:

'COMPARE MYSTORE FOR ALL CELLS OF COLUMN "B"

    For i = 2 To 374

        If mystore = Left(Range("B" & i).Value, 8) Then

            Range("B" & i).Select

            ActiveSheet.Hyperlinks.Add Range("B" & i), Address:=(PathName & FileName)

        Else: End If

    Next i

'NEXT FILE FOR MYSTORE

FileName = Dir

    Loop

last:

End Sub

 

EXCEL VBA, USE OF COMPID, FSO AND INPUTBOX

Option Explicit
-------------------------------------------
Sub findfileinfolder()

Call CountFiles

End Sub
---------------------------------------------
Private Function CountFiles()
Dim strDirectory As String, strDestFolder As String, strExt As String

strDirectory = InputBox("pl inter path for serch folder")

'strDestFolder = InputBox("pl inter path for output folder")

    Dim myfilesystemobject As Object
    Dim myfiles As Object
    Dim myFile As Object
    Dim Compld As Range
    Dim mystore As Variant
   
    Set myfilesystemobject = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
    Set myfiles = myfilesystemobject.GetFolder(strDirectory).Files
   
    For Each myFile In myfiles
           
       Range("B1").ClearContents
       Range("B1").Value = myFile.Name
       mystore = myFile.Name
       
        Set Compld = Range("A:A").Find(what:=mystore, LookIn:=xlValues, lookat:=xlWhole)
                   
            If Not Compld Is Nothing Then
            'Stop
                 With myFile
                    .Copy strDestFolder & "\" & myFile.Name
                 End With
            Else
            End If
         
    Next myFile
     
    Set myfiles = Nothing
    Set myfilesystemobject = Nothing
End Function

Metal transfer modes in GMAW

Metal transfer modes in GMAW

Globular 

Globular  मेटल ट्रांसफर के साथ GMAW को तीन प्रमुख GMAW विविधताओं में से सबसे कम वांछनीय माना जाता है, क्योंकि इसकी उच्च गर्मी, खराब वेल्ड सतह और स्पैटर का उत्पादन करने की प्रवृत्ति है। विधि को मूल रूप से GMAW का उपयोग करके स्टील को वेल्ड करने के लिए एक लागत-कुशल तरीके के रूप में विकसित किया गया था क्योंकि यह भिन्नता कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड का उपयोग करती है, जो आर्गन की तुलना में एक कम महंगा परिरक्षण गैस है। जिससे 110 मिमी / एस (250 / मिनट) तक की वेल्डिंग गति की अनुमति दी जा सकती थी। जैसा कि वेल्ड किया जाता है, इलेक्ट्रोड से पिघली हुई धातु की एक गेंद इलेक्ट्रोड के अंत में निर्मित होती है, अक्सर इलेक्ट्रोड की तुलना में एक बड़े व्यास के साथ अनियमित आकार में होती है। जब छोटी बूंद या तो गुरुत्वाकर्षण या लघु-चक्कर द्वारा समाप्त हो जाती है, तो यह असमान सतह को छोड़ कर अक्सर स्पैटर का कारण बन जाती है। बड़ी पिघली हुई छोटी बूंद के परिणामस्वरूप, प्रक्रिया आमतौर पर फ्लैट और क्षैतिज वेल्डिंग पदों तक सीमित होती है, इसके लिए मोटे वर्कपीस की आवश्यकता होती है, और एक बड़े वेल्ड पूल में परिणाम होता है।

Ultrasonic Testing of Welds on Plates

Ultrasonic Testing of Welds on Plates

For testing a weld satisfactorily, the following information should be available
(i) Material, (ii). Details of weld preparation, (iii). Welding process and probable defects expected, (iv) Applica­tion of the part and (v)Acceptance criteria.

Testing of a single 'V'butt joint welded only from one side using transverse waves.
The selection of probe frequency depends on the flaw to be detected and attenuation in the effects of the near zone and beam spread the minimum size of the material. Which varies with frequency should be considered. For mild steel welds usually, a frequency in the range of 1 MHz to 4 MHz will be satisfactory.

Ultrasonic Testing for laminations in plates

Ultrasonic Testing for laminations in plates 

Ultrasonic Testing for laminations in plates - A normal probe is brought into contact with the face of the plate through a couplant. The height of the back wall echo is kept at a fixed amplitude (50% or above F.S.H.)

Any drop  1n  back wall echo is considered to be caused by defective area.   Usually, the plate is scanned along grid lines only and wherever the back wall echo falls beyond a  set level or when a defect indication is present,  the adjacent area is also scanned to determine the area of defect.   Some­ times angle beam technique is also used to detect the presence of defects that are not oriented parallel to the surface.

FORGING PROCESS

FORGING PROCESS

1.INTRODUCTION
Forging is a metal mass that has been worked or brought to a configuration attained by controlled plastic deformation, by hammering, pressing, upsetting, rolling extruding, etc. Aluminum, Copper and their alloys, steels, titanium and many other alloys can be forged.
Forging can be produced either by hot working or cold working.

CASTING PROCESS

CASTING PROCESS

1.INTRODUCTION

The basic of casting processes Is feeding of molten metal Into a cavity of the required shape In a mould, followed by cooling to produce a solid object. The various processes differ principally In the way In which tho mould Is formed. In some cases e.g., sand moulding, a mould Is made up for each cast and subsequently broken up to remove the casting. In other cases, e.g., die casting, a permanent mould Is used repeatedly for a succession of casts and the casting Is removed after each cast without damage to the mould. Provision Is made for the feeding of the casting by forming a gating system in the mould. At the same time, an enlarged opening (a pouring cup) Is made to enable easy pouring, and channels are cut to allow the metal to flow out of the mould cavity after filling it, thus maintaining a metallostaUc head during solidification.

GMAW WELDING PROCESS

GMAW WELDING PROCESS

GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW)
In this process, an arc is maintained in a stream of inert gas between a consumable electrode and the workpiece. The arc heats the work and melts the electrode, which thus supplier filler metal for the joint.   The power sources used are direct current with electrode positive.   The metal transfer is irregular if the electrode is negative or if the alternating current is the use of whilst effective welding of aluminum is only possible if the workpiece is negative so that oxide film is removed by the action of the arc cathode.

Arc Welding with Coated Electrode (SMAW)

Arc Welding with Coated Electrode

Arc welding is carried out by striking an arc between a rod electrode and the workpiece, thus simultaneously heating the workpiece and melting the electrode, which supplies filler metal for the joint. The power supply used In welding with coated electrodes consists of a DC or AC source with a dropping characteristic.

SOME RADIATION CALCULATION FORMULAS AND EXAMPLES

SOME RADIATION CALCULATION FORMULAS AND EXAMPLES

SOURCE TO FILM DISTANCE CALCULATION

SFD (min)= t(1+d/ug)

t= thickness of job

d= source size

ug= 0.5 max

INTRODUCTION TO NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT)

INTRODUCTION TO NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

INTRODUCTION

Non-destructive testing (NDT) Is a  method of quality control of materials without disturbing their aimed use.  The material under Inspection does not undergo any change In Its size, shape, physical and chemical properties. It is commonly used for:

Detection of flaws such as cracks, shrinkages, gas porosities, inclusions, and another weld, forging and casting defects.
Determining the material characteristics such as density, conductivity, hardness, grain structures, etc. to give clues about the strength of materials.
Dimensional measurements such as wall thickness, internal and outside dimensions, corrosion assessment coating/plating thickness, etc.
On-line monitoring of plants/ industrial systems.

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS

Image quality indicator (IQI), also called penetrameter is a device used to judge the quality of radiography.  This is measured in terms of radiographic sensitivity. smaller the numerical value of radiographic sensitivity. better the radiographic quality. Image quality indicators are of simple geometric form and made of the same or similar material as the specimen being examined. The image of the IQI on the radiograph is permanent evidence that the radiographic inspection was conducted under proper conditions.

A number of  IQI designs are used by different authorities in the world. There are American Standards,  British standards, French, German, International and Indian standards. Some of the most commonly used IQI designs are mentioned below.

INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY

RADIOGRAPHY TERMS

MOTTLING - mottling is occurred in industrial radiography due to diffraction, this can be reduced by increasing KV and using lead foil screen.
in compare to 40kv film, 60kv film exposure film with time compensation film has lower contrast and greater latitude.

AVERAGE GRADIENT- It is a characteristic curve between exposure vs optical density.

LATITUDE- (X-Ray Film) the range of specimen thickness that can be adequately recorded on the radiography is referred to as the latitude.

DARK ROOM

DARKROOM

Dark Room is a room where industrial film loading & film development is done, a typical layout is shown above.

Every darkroom has a safe light in which all the above work is carried out (red light) called safe light.

Industrial Radiography Film Processing

Industrial Radiography Film Processing

It has 4 parts
1) Developing 5-8 min Temp 68deg F (20deg C)
2) Stop Bath (Arresting development) 65-70dec F 30- 60 sec
3) Fixation – 65-70 deg F, 8-15min
4) Washing – 20-30min

Developing- developing solution has the ability to reduce the silver bromide crystals on the exposed part of films to metallic silver.
The time required to develop is 5 to 8 min at 20deg cent of solution (developer)
Longer developing time will produce chemical fog and this will decrease the film contrast.
Low temperatures can slow the action while the high temperatures can fog the film or soften the emulsion on the film so that it will wrinkle or wash off.

Etching Test in welder qualification

Etching test -

ETCHING TEST is used to find the soundness of the weld and also, it makes the boundary between the base metal and weld metal clearly visible.

Test procedure-

Cut the test piece with the help of power saw from the welded joint (complete transverse section of the weld). 

STOP COMPLAINING

STOP COMPLAINING

Special Note- this is only for entertainment, it is not related to any person or group.

happy holi... 

CPC KYA HAI

CPC KYA HAI

QUALITY CPM

CPC: मूल्य प्रति क्लिक क्या है?
सीपीसी प्रति क्लिक मूल्य है, या आपके भुगतान-प्रति-क्लिक (पीपीसी) मार्केटिंग अभियानों में प्रत्येक क्लिक के लिए आपके द्वारा भुगतान की जाने वाली कीमत है। 

quality control vs quality assurance

quality control vs quality assurance

QA and QC are both part of the Quality management system and these are the powerful techniques  that can be used to ensure that the manufactured parts are as per quality requirements. 

Project Management

Project Management

1.   SCOPE
The purpose of the following procedure is to describe the Project Management activity, which is the set of activities aimed at analyzing, planning and implementing the objectives of a project.
2.   APPLICABILITY
This procedure is mainly applied to the railway sector.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of a product

1.   PURPOSE

FMEA is a methodology used to analyze the failure or defect of a process, product or system and to plan the preventive  (or corrective)  actions necessary to mitigate the risk of occurrence of a  given defect.  The acronym comes from the English name Failure Modes and Effects Analysis.

Risk Management & Contingency Plan

Risk Management & Contingency Plan

1.   SCOPE

The scope of this procedure is to describe the modes adopted by the organization for identifying the potential risks of interruption of production activities linked to the organization itself and to define the procedures needed to be activated in case of emergency. Furthermore are analyzed the risks linked to the main ‘  ‘your firm’  processes, defined in the chapter 4_0  Context of the organization.